See upó on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fú"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*uɸo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*ub"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupó",
"word": "ὑπό"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*supo"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "spe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒌋𒌒𒍣",
"t": "to rise (of the sun)",
"tr": "u-up-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒌋𒌒𒍣 (u-up-zi, “to rise (of the sun)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ouxsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ouxsos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "*-o",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *h₁ewp- (or *h₁wep-), whence also Hittite 𒌋𒌒𒍣 (u-up-zi, “to rise (of the sun)”); but the verb could have come from the adverb instead. Matasović reconstructs the root as *h₃ewp- based on Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, *(o)uxs-. It is unclear whether the Celtic full-grade is secondary or archaic.\nProbably with allative suffix *-o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "(s)upó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"head2": "*(s)upó"
},
"expansion": "*upó or *(s)upó",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-o",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "sus-"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "supīnus"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s-i"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ouxselos"
},
{
"english": "from the o-grade",
"translation": "from the o-grade",
"word": "ouxsos"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s-os Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"word": "upó *(s)up-s-es-"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-ti-os"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-iH-nos"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-ér(i)"
},
{
"roman": "uvamo-",
"word": "𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏-"
},
{
"word": "uɸamos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "ufumô"
},
{
"english": "uppermost",
"roman": "upamá",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"translation": "uppermost",
"word": "उपम"
},
{
"word": "upamás"
},
{
"roman": "upama",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬨𐬀"
},
{
"english": "uppermost, highest",
"roman": "upəma",
"translation": "uppermost, highest",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
{
"word": "upamáh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "summus"
},
{
"word": "supemos"
},
{
"english": "uppermost",
"translation": "uppermost",
"word": "(s)úp-m̥mo-s"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"word": "upela"
},
{
"word": "upera"
},
{
"roman": "húpsi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕψι"
},
{
"roman": "húpsos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕψος"
},
{
"roman": "húptios",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕπτιος"
},
{
"sense": "Old Irish",
"word": "úas"
},
{
"sense": "Albanian",
"word": "ubël"
},
{
"sense": "Albanian",
"word": "upri"
}
],
"glosses": [
"up, from below"
],
"id": "en-upó-ine-pro-adv-dMKY9gvi",
"links": [
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"below",
"below"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "upó"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upó",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular preterite indicative of upar"
],
"id": "en-upó-es-verb-klx0LBtC",
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upó"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "sus-"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s"
},
{
"roman": "húpsi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕψι"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s-i"
},
{
"roman": "húpsos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕψος"
},
{
"sense": "Old Irish",
"word": "úas"
},
{
"word": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ouxselos"
},
{
"english": "from the o-grade",
"translation": "from the o-grade",
"word": "ouxsos"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-s-os Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European"
},
{
"word": "upó *(s)up-s-es-"
},
{
"roman": "húptios",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ὕπτιος"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-ti-os"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "supīnus"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-iH-nos"
},
{
"word": "(s)up-ér(i)"
},
{
"roman": "uvamo-",
"word": "𐌖𐌅𐌀𐌌𐌏-"
},
{
"word": "uɸamos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "ufumô"
},
{
"english": "uppermost",
"roman": "upamá",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"translation": "uppermost",
"word": "उपम"
},
{
"word": "upamás"
},
{
"roman": "upama",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬨𐬀"
},
{
"english": "uppermost, highest",
"roman": "upəma",
"translation": "uppermost, highest",
"word": "𐬎𐬞𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
{
"word": "upamáh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "summus"
},
{
"word": "supemos"
},
{
"english": "uppermost",
"translation": "uppermost",
"word": "(s)úp-m̥mo-s"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"sense": "Albanian",
"word": "ubël"
},
{
"word": "upela"
},
{
"sense": "Albanian",
"word": "upri"
},
{
"word": "upera"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "faoi"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "fo"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "fo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"word": "fú"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*uɸo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*ub"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "hupó",
"word": "ὑπό"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*úpa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "úpa",
"word": "उप"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "up-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "upa-",
"word": "उप-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*upa-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*supo"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "spe"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒌋𒌒𒍣",
"t": "to rise (of the sun)",
"tr": "u-up-zi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite 𒌋𒌒𒍣 (u-up-zi, “to rise (of the sun)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ouxsos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ouxsos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-o"
},
"expansion": "*-o",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *h₁ewp- (or *h₁wep-), whence also Hittite 𒌋𒌒𒍣 (u-up-zi, “to rise (of the sun)”); but the verb could have come from the adverb instead. Matasović reconstructs the root as *h₃ewp- based on Proto-Celtic *ouxsos, *(o)uxs-. It is unclear whether the Celtic full-grade is secondary or archaic.\nProbably with allative suffix *-o.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "upó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "(s)upó",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb",
"head2": "*(s)upó"
},
"expansion": "*upó or *(s)upó",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upó",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-o"
],
"glosses": [
"up, from below"
],
"links": [
[
"up",
"up"
],
[
"from",
"from"
],
[
"below",
"below"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "upó"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "upó",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish non-lemma forms",
"Spanish verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "upar"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular preterite indicative of upar"
],
"links": [
[
"upar",
"upar#Spanish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "upó"
}
Download raw JSONL data for upó meaning in All languages combined (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.